a le
"y Ot a Far a} : CSW ee 8 0 cdot, eee Py cx er ee 7 ey x > s@ ) 7 AW . . oy mt
; ‘ 4 pete ew Be MY a eg WY ~~ 7s aa cs my +4) my 7 A eek *
,
ae 4 oe he 4 . 0m tite Nah AR a rr oe eh res te) CARN <t sao ae 8 ewe “ye Ve het Bam LatAm AN
AN ts ° eo he hae 9 - 7 Near AV AAS AO v rr oar en aA PR ae he * ee er oe aa! - * . ae - * , ° son” Ce nae es eke hp y nm athe MON oh % er i) “. * yes 9 oh a Ne net
. ye tele - ees ite a ham Pe bee Vea At pad ae tikes tad perry ere acy wen pte teak al
ae ee)
tet he °) how *
Gee meee 5. fom
Seon RSA SSS SSS SS
oe v}
aC EvIe ah ART HAMMERS ALS Snes I wet
HANDBOUND AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
Ba) SEN han
RAC PNAREEY igo! *
7 Whee phar. \' . ae as ’
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BHING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND CHARLHSWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’ )
CONDUCTED BY
ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.B.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.LS., F.G.S.,
AND
WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S.
VOL. L.—BIGHTH SERIES.
He 4
LONDON: mat:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD.; BALLLINRE, PARIS: HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO,, DUBLIN; AND ASHER, BERLIN,
1908,
“Omnes res create sunt divine sapientiz et potenti testes, divitic felicitatia humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper zestimata ;
a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Linn2zvs.
“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-
tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767.
Oe dat dS oo 0.0.8 c The sylyan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the N ymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute
Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock
Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush
That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,
All, all to us unlock their secret stores
And pay their cheerful tribute.
J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.
G4 a4 ) | |
ALERE 4 YLAMMAM.
SkA. 8 ey
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
(EIGHTH SERIES. ]
NUMBER 1.
Page
I. The Genera and Subgenera of the Sciwropterus Group, with Descriptions of Three new Species. By OLprreLpD THoMas ...... Il. A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine (Curculionide). epeept oer be MARGEAT IS BiZ 2 0.5 oo, dete pth edad edewe Ill. The Collections of William John Burchell, D.C.L., in the
Hope Department, Oxford University Museum :— IV. On the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera collected by W. J. Bur- chell in Brazil, 1825-1830. By Cora B. Sanpers, of
Had Margaret Elall, Oxford 622.200. . .cctcene as nre 33 IV. Notes on the Forficularia.—X. A Revision of the Neso- gastrine. By Matcoim Burr, B.A., F.L.S., F.ES. ............ 42 V. Notes on the Forficularia.a—XI1. On new and little-known Species and Synonymic Notes. By Matcotm Burr, B.A., F.L.S., Clash +r olt cities RID preg etn Selene nl 47 VI. Notes on the Forficularia.—XII. Note on the Genus Apachys, Serv. by Miéncoum Bure, B.A., FLS:, FES... 6... eee ee 51 VIL. Description of some new Species of Tabanide, with Notes on some Hematopota. By GerTRUDE RICARDO..............-5 54 VIII. New Eastern Lepidoptera. By Colonel C. Swrnnokr, M.A., PENCE MMe Re s aeacice a ae ate Tigd x Cnn tige ck eneen Coke ee iste 3 60 IX. Two new Mammals from Asia Minor. By Gerrit 8. AER EE Oa PRRs bof reid ees caac'aes a's dips) ages Ciel et te Reigate dt ee 68 X. A Survey of the Species and Varieties of Pupa, Draparnaud (Jaminia, Risso), oceurring in South Africa. By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S., and Joun Henry Ponsonsy, F.Z.8. ERE red as x ascisi cs estan, Paes tia Mean A ce w tees ees 70 XI. New Deep-sea Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland. By E. W. L. Horr and L. W. Byrne. (Plate III.) ............ 86 XII. Description of a new Genus and Species of Cleride. By C. SEN os ote v.08 cee a, EW oA ign) ni piels Anju, « Fay Cw Waa a werk we 95 XIII. The Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Group. By een Teh ao Ae ese tiny nore ein sinh lM. «adios <n) 5 We oe nt us 97 XIV. An Erroneous Echinodermal Identification. Corrected by W. B. Benuam, D.Sc., F.R.S., Otago University, New Zealand .. 104 XV. Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes from China. By ©; Tare Kraan, McA. (Plate IV.). 0.0.0 ec cee cree ee eeeees 109 XVI. Descriptions of new South-American Reptiles. By G. A. 111
IPREIRRTMFCRSCHIS EMSS SEU Ire fa ek Ah ated tue ata seal ota @ oka tay'sl oi te PP Set aiw bya s's.0 Wades
iv CONTENTS.
Page XVIL. Descriptions of Two new Forms of Papilio in the Collection of Mr. Grose-Smith. By H. Grosr-Smiru, B.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S., &e. 116
XVIII. Some Notes concerning the Male of Dexamine thea,
Boeck. By ALEXANDER PATIENCE. (Plate V.) ......++++.2+: 117 XIX. The Species of the Genus Dactylopsila. By OLDFIELD ERTORGA'S 9. Sle pce wis «eke sas)" 0/20 0a er 122
New Book :—Wild Life on a Norfolk Estuary. By Arruur H. Parrerson. Witha Prefatory Note by Her Grace the Ducurss
OF BEDFORD)... ..5o.0/sih dees es sails sos alee see 124 Proceedings of the Geological Society .......eese rece eeees 125, 126 Altum’s Squirrel Names, by Gerrit S. Miller ...........-eeeee- 127
NUMBER 2.
XX. Descriptions of Nine Terrestrial Mollusca from South Africa. By James Cosmo Metvitu, M.A., F.LS., and Joun HENRY Ponsonsy, F.Z.S. Including Anatomical Descriptions of Two proposed new Genera (Afrodonta, M. & P., and Peltatus, G.-A.), by Lt.-Col. H. H. Gopwin-AuvsTEn, F.R.S, (Plates VII. & VIII.). 129
XXI. On a Collection of Mammals from the Batu Islands, west of Sumatra. By Marcus W. Lyon, Jun., United States National
IVT) 1b a a ee Meee rrr Cleric sth .o bod oc ale 3 137 XXII. Notes on North-American Longicornia, with Descriptions
of some new Species. By C. J. GAWAN, MUA. . 3.20... o 2 emeerere 140 XXIII. The Genera of Stephanoceras and Allies. By S. 8.
BUCKMAN, GIS. ci. a Kode webu cals wieloits.e os 40/6 eae 145 XXIV. Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes from China and
Japan. “By C.DTarn Reean, Moar ncn <lee siete eee ene 149 XXV. Descriptions of Four new Freshwater Fishes from British
New Guinea. By C.. Tare Ragan, MOAl. 02... 2. os se eee 153
XXVI. Some new Genera and Species of Blattide, with Notes on the Form of the Pronotum in the Subfamily Perispherune. By R. SHELFORD, MUA. OLS. (Plates (Xe & IX.) 2a). See 157 XXVII. On a new Oribi obtained by Major Powell-Cotton in British East Africa. By OLDFiELD Tuomas and R. C. Wrovueuron. 177 XXVIII. Notes on the Coleopterous Genus Oniticellus and Descriptions of some new Species from India. By GiuBEertT J. ORO, | 1sis0'0 ole w wltoauss ate vinta e™otaelekele = sie )o aie. gists aie a eee 178 XXIX. On the Generic Names of the Rupicaprine Ruminants known as Serows and Gorals. By R. I. Pocock, Superintendent of
the Zoological Society’s"Gardens: 5: .a'.). 5. % a!. «tae eee ee 185 XXX. On Museardinide from the Iberian Peninsula. By ANGEL CABRERA ee eis id das oak Morera olacredarerlelch oa Aeas ohche FIT eae 188
XXXI. Eighteen new European Voles. By Gerrit 8. Mrzter, 194
New Book:—K¥uropean Animals: their Geological History and Geographical Distribution. By R. F. Scuarrr, Ph.D., B.Sc. . 207
The Name Archeocidaris, by Prof. J. W. Gregory, F.R.S. &e. ..., 208
CONTENTS. Vv
NUMBER 38, Page XXXII. New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History).—Part I. Tabanide. By Ernest E, Austen .. 209 XXXIIL. On Phytosaurian Remains from the Magnesian Con- glomerate of Bristol (2ileya platyodon). By Frimpricn Baron
HueEnE, D,Sc., Tiibingen, Germany. (Plate VI.)...............- 228 XXXIV, Note on the Ophidian Genus Emydocephalus. By G. A. EPODEINGHR, LR Saeteinetiein tle stat dlcleld a ayes severe oleie'es AR dian ats 231
XXXV. Notes on a small Collection of Plankton from New Zealand.—I.
I. Crustacea (excluding Copepoda). By W.T. Carmay, D.Sc., British Museum
II. Chetognatha. By C. Herserr Fowter, B.A., Ph.D..... 240
XXXVI. On some new Species of the Coleopterous Genus Mimeta, By Grusenr J. ARROW 2.066 cse. ieee dace ce cenmecbes 241
XXXVII. Description of a new Elapine Snake of the Genus Apisthocalamus, Blgr., from New Guinea. By G. A. BouLENGER, Lobb Accs ianoritn AnGn MG Sen ORM EIGO ne Se Cnet Reo crrinn rr. 248
XXXVIII. On the large Flying-Squirrels referred to Petaurista muda, Desm. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .,... cece sccecreseenene 250
XXXIX. The Nomenclature of the Flying Lemurs. By OLDFreLD NN ES Sef 810 ice ny Wael L550, orkS Wale D0 wel ails opt 9, Sip, ei deie, sigue» 252
XL. Three new African Species of Mus. By R.G. WrovuGurTon. 255
XLI. Note on a Megalosaurian Tibia from the Lower Lias of Wilmcote, Warwickshire. By A.Smirna Woopwarp, LL.D., F.R.S. 257
XLIL. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XVII. By T. D. A.
Cocememen, University of Colorado ... cc ces cee vn ese cles oelele 259 XLIII. Descriptions of Thirty new Species of Tabani from Africa
and Madagascar. By GERTRUDE RICARDO ..........--0eeseee- 268 XLIV. Description of a new Longicorn Beetle from South Africa.
Pe DODANE ci. os relaele seid ele eas uhd aig d vio dietelelalas -. 279 XLV. On a new British Terrestrial Isopod (7richoniscus linearis,
sp.n.). By ALEXANDER PATIENCE. (Plate XI.) .............. 280
Proceedings of the Geologieal Society ....... cece cece eee 282, 283
The Echinoid Name Cidaris and its Modern Application, by F. A. Dathor, british Museum (Nat. Hist.))..6.0.ce cece c ws eeunes 284
NUMBER 4.
XLVI. Descriptions of some new Species of Noctwide from Peru. BEI OR ORC PORTO, EIU, BCI. «0 d0.5.s 0sc.00,65.58.50,0 08 viele oes 289
XLVI. A List of Mammals collected by Mr. C. F. M. Swynner- ton in Northern Gazaland (Portuguese Kast Africa) and the Melsetter District of Rhodesia. By R,. C, WroveHron
vi CONTENTS.
Page
XLVIII. Some Species of Leptocheirus, a Genus of Amphipoda. By Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. (Plates
RT TOE ET,) cee oe a a sinlae minors a jel cle’e ad viv! so eke ai ae rrr 307 XLIX. Descriptions of Thirty new Species of Tabani from Africa
and Madagascar. By GeRTRUDE RICARDO ........5..ssmeee 311 L. Description of a new Elapine Snake from Australia. By G.A.
BOULENGER, FURS, .5 cde ocalee es sy eee ese 0s 10) ete 338 LI. Note on the Type Specimen of a Blind Snake, Helminthophis
wildert (Garman), from Brazil. By A.G. HaMMaR ..........-. 334
LH. A Note on Loligo media (L.). By ANNE L. Massy, Depart- ment of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland, Fisheries
Branch, Dablin) <5, .o.k esd else hos hea es ona eee 336 LIII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XIX. By T. D. A. CockKERELL, University of Colorado .......-. «1.4 7c) 337
LIV. On the Synonymy and Systematic Position of some Species of Tabanide described by Thunberg and Lichtenstein. By Ernest
Bi. AUSTEN, .).(5e sia wate, bie © eas inlace sists ote ale sae ee 344 LV. The Missing Premolar of the Chiroptera. By OLpFreLp THOMAS’? 6.24.05.5.6 $289 6 hacae Paes ee A7REE 6 fa 6 ses Oe ee 346 LVI. A new Deer of the Brocket Group from Venezuela. By OLDEIELD THOMAS * () 55220 (com eee ees Do ees «ee ee 849 LVI. Description of a new remarkable Crustacean with Primitive Malacostracan Characters. By O. A. SAYCE............. AP ik 350
LVIII. On some New and Curious Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua. By RicHarp 8. Baenat, F.E.S, (Plates XIV. & D.4\/5) VAEE Sa ee GR 8 OS SPAM SERIE G1 4./5 555 2 =: - 355
LIX. Description of a Species of Palemon from near Sydney, -_ probably either a new Species or the Adult Form of Palemon (Eupalemon) dane, Heller. By Dr. J. G. pr Man, of Ierseke (Holland), ) (Plate XVI.) 2. es chiisine ie be sites ch oe eine ale eee 363
LX. Description ofa new Cichlid Fish of the Genus Heterogramma from Demerara. . By.C: Tate REGan, MLA... :.. ieee 370
LXI. Description of a new Fish of the Genus Galazias from Chile.
By C. Tari, REGAN, MAA... 0 bo% ciclo ce mene bike 372
NUMBER 5.
LXII. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— No. XXIX. By Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &e. (Plate ROVL.) ccc aisienv ews cs als ss sje se OR ne RA aren er
LXIII. On certain African and S.-American Otters. By Oxp- FIELD DPHOMAS << ii0 oi kis ons eam 5 4oh miele el mieisl ste hs eee
LXIV. The Inclusion of Foreign Bodies by Sponges, with a Description of anew Genus and Species of Monaxonida. By lazrna Bu, SOLAS, ise in sisi ints sfolelolevelabele ls Gferaiuns meleis este tay Nessie kr een ‘
CONTENTS. vil
Page LXV. New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History).—Part II. Tabanide (continued). By Ernest
RUUHN ¢ se dn mene aie eden Cen Cees eee ldo aennareens 401 LXVI. On Philoscia patiencei, sp. n., a new Terrestrial Isopod. _ By Ricuarp S. Baenatt, F.E.S. (Plate XVIII.) ..........-.+- 428 LXVII. On Four little-known Names of Chiropteran Genera.
By Kup ANDERSEN ys. occ heures sen cieicemeniscccesecee erere 431 LXVIII. On the Extremity of the Tail in Ichthyosauria. By
H. G. Srztey, F.R.S., F.G.S., King’s College, London .......... 436
LXIX. On the Interlocking of the Neural Arches in Ichthyo- sauria. By H. G. Srevry, F.RS., F.G.S., King’s College, London, 441
LXX. Brachiopod Nomenclature: The Terebratule of the Crag. By ®. OBO CKMAN, P.G Seo ooo ic vee eee ne veleclanebaeaaccaes
LXXI. New Asiatic Apodemus, Evotomys, and Lepus. By
DEeePERITE TCLOMEA RN 2 od Sea yicti's els een erd eye e see nace en ees 447 Proceedings of the Geological Society ...........20 cee eens 450—452 NUMBER 6.
LXXII. A Synopsis of the Sharks of the Family Scyliorhinide. Deanery eerie, Ee mGiate, NEA Se oe. ae sei icy aitis eol}< act dk Hea sees 453 LXXIII. Description of a new Species of the Genus Conus. By Damm MRTOTES oa. 8 aa Bavars bs, ci la do de ee enie se ies welae aes 465 LXXIV. On a new Rhodesian Hare. By E.C. CHuBB........ 466 LXXV. The Nomenclature of certain Lorises. By OLDFIELD ME ar dericcia a Sx eRe sir mht ge Os Hein wd ve gees ars te oS 467
LXXVI_ On a Stridulating-organ in certain African River-Crabs. By W. T. Carman, D.Sc., British Museum (Natural History) .... 469
LXXVII. On the Moths collected during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla’ during the Winter 1905-6 by Mr. E. G. B. Meade-
Waldo. By Sir Grorer F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. ........ 474 LXXVIII. On the Occurrence of the Hydroid Cordylophora in Egypt. By Cuarirs L. BouLENGER, B.A...........0ceseeeees 492 LXXIX. A Synopsis of the Sharks of the Family Cestraciontide. SRE ARM RUMANG AS Ory secu ey dccececetesetstersesnaens 493 LXXX, Additions to the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. By Rowxanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S. .........0000 497
LXXXI. Rhynchotal Notes—XLIV. By W. L. Distant .... 515 Proceedings of the Geological Society. ...........cceec cece eeees 531
The Type of Cidaris, by Hubert Lyman Clark ; The Cahow: Disco- very in Bermuda of Fossil Bones and Feathers supposed to belong to the Extinct Bird called “Cahow ” by the early Settlers, SE CRUSERS COE EUs POWs cA WOH Lice ee Hees dse's.s © 532, 533
PLATES IN VOL. I. Prats I, Il. III, Cyttosoma helge. IV. Freshwater fishes from China. V. Dexamine thea and Tritta gibbosa. VI. Phytosaurian remains.
a Terrestrial Mollusca from South Africa. IX. xX
Species and varieties of Pupa.
Species of Blattide.
XI. New British Terrestrial Isopod. XII. XIII. XIV. KY: XVI. Species of Palzemon from near Sydney. XVII. Ophelia radiata. XVIII. Philoscia patiencei.
Species of Leptocheirus.
New and curious Thysanoptera from Papua.
ERRATA. Page 73, line 25, for greater vead greatest. » 74, ,, 4, for deflexed read reflexed. :
5, 5, 36, for anfr. read dente.
7, 5, 30, for fine read finer.
7, 5, 939, dele particularly and read less.
» 82, ,, 10, for cuticles read scratches.
», 3385, ,, 21 from boitom, for ocular read preocular.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[EIGHTH SERIES. ]
Me otdddtvubaharsses per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Ecl, }.
No. 1. JANUARY 1908.
I.—The Genera and Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group, with Descriptions of Three new Species. By OLDFIELD
THOMAS.
THE old genus Sciuropterus, as already indicated by Forsyth Major and Heude, contains a very heterogeneous collection of forms, and a study of them brings me to the conclusion that they should be divided into at least six genera. Heude has already erected the genus Trogopterus for the remark- able Chinese species described as Pteromys wanthipes by Milne-
Edwards, IoMYs, gen. nov.
Upper cheek-teeth subequal, square, with low ridges, the usual high internal antero-posterior ridge almost obsolete as a ridge, being represented by two separate cusps, to which respectively the two usual transverse ridges run directly across parallel to each other, instead of (as in Sciuropterus) con- verging and nearly meeting on the external slope of the highest part of the main antero-posterior internal ridge. As
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 1
2 Mr. O. Thomas on the Genera and
a consequence the teeth appear from above to be simply quadricuspidate, and when viewed from their inner aspect show two definite cusps instead of the usual single crest.
No small upper premolar ( p*) present.
Usual antero-external cusp of p* situated more mesially on the tooth, so as to function partially as a p*.
Bulle well inflated.
Se oa horsfieldi (Pteromys (Scturopterus) horsfieldi, aterh.).
Ciena : I. thomsoni, Thos. ; I. davisont, Thos.
This genus is readily distinguishable from any member of the group by its peculiar quadricuspidate teeth and by the entire suppression of p°.
Figures of upper and lower molars of J. horsfield? have been given in Dr. Major’s paper *.
BELOMYS, gen. nov,
Upper cheek-teeth brachyodont, but exceedingly compli- cated, as in Trogopterus, masking the essential pattern, which is, however, as in Scturopterus. The ridges are deeply erooved, wrinkled, and excavated, and not only is the postero- internal cusp of each tooth separated by a deep notch from the main part of the inner longitudinal crest, but the anterior end of the same crest is cut off by another deep notch from the middle part. The inner aspect of m’ and m? shows there- fore three cusps—a small anterior, a middle larger, and a fairly developed posterior. Externally, where in some species of Scduropterus there is a small supplementary cusp at the exit of the middle valley, there is a well-marked externally projecting angle, deeply grooved down its centre, so as to form a projecting gutter. p* not immensely large as in Trogopterus, but nevertheless larger than m’; p® compara- tively large, internal to the front cusp of p*.
Ears large, their bases in the known species with tufts of bristles.
Type—Belomys pearson (Sciuropterus pearsont, Gray).
Other species: B. véllosus, Blyth, from Upper Assam, which is probably different from the Darjiling B. pearsont ; B. kaleensis, Swinhoe, from Formosa; and the Manipur species described below.
This form was included in Trogopterus by Heude on the statement by Forsyth Major that its molars were of similar pattern + ; but it appears to me that the hypertrophy of p* in
* P, Z.S. 1893, p. 194, pl. viii. fig. 21 and pl. ix. fig. 21. + T.c. pl. viii. fig. 20 and pl. ix. fig. 20.
Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group. 3
Trogopterus xanthipes is a character of generic rank, while in addition that species is to a certain extent hypsodont, which is not the case in Belomys.
With less complicated teeth than Belomys, though still much more so than in Securopterus, is
PTEROMYSCUS, gen. nov.
Molars agreeing with those of Belomys in their general structure, but the degree of complication is less. Thus, among other details, there is no notching off of an anterior portion of the inner longitudinal boundary-wall, and the spout- like projection in the middle of the outer edge is less developed.
p’ a little smaller than in Belomys, barely or not equalling m' in area. p* minute, closely crushed against the antero- internal side of p*, and often hardly visible from above. It is present in all the skulls available, but looks as if it could hardly be of any functional value.
Ears quite small, untufted.
Type—Pteromyscus pulverulentus (Scturopterus pulveru- lentus, Giinth.).
A second species described below.
PETAURILLUS, gen. nov.
Molars with very low, rounded, and almost obsolete ridges, quite different from the high and well-defined ridges present in Sciuropterus, although their relative positions are much the same. The ridges not wrinkled or notched.
p* distinctly smaller than m!; not of the usual triangular shape, but nearly symmetrical, its outer scarcely longer than its inner border. p* well developed, standing in front of the centre of p*, not overlapped by it. The three anterior teeth of the row, therefore, evenly and symmetrically diminish in size forwards, a condition not found in any of the other groups.
Skull in general form short, broad, and low, with a short muzzle. Bulla well swollen, the mastoid portion also slightly inflated.
Mamme 4,
Type—Petaurillus hosei (Sciuropterus hose’, Thos.).
A second species described below.
The two species of Petaurillus are the pigmies of the group, being decidedly smaller than the smallest species of Sciuropterus. ‘They are readily distinguishable Pe straight
4 Mr. O. Thomas on the Genera and
graduated series formed by their anterior cheek-teeth and by the low and rounded nature of their molar ridges.
The genera now admitted of the smaller flying-squirrels may be briefly indicated as follows :-—
A. Molar pattern consisting essentially of two transverse ridges converging internally towards the central part of a longitudinal internal crest, though this structure is marked in the very wrinkled-toothed forms. Never as described under B.
a. Teeth excessively wrinkled. An outwardly pro- jecting angle developed at the middle of the ex- ternal edge. Postero-internal cusp well developed.
a*, Teeth semihypsodont. p* very large, twice the
SIZ6 (Of G7) 5s a's a aie wie eheis oie wicks ee Cee Loe eer Trogopterus. i’, Teeth brachyodont. p* not or little larger than
m
a’, p well developed ; p* rather larger than m'.
Mars largee O77 anes eis beet are Belomys. 6%. p> minute; p* rather smaller than m'. Ears BW eee eater hae pci iinr ee .... Pteromyscus.
b. Teeth not excessively wrinkled. No projecting angle on outer edge. Postero-internal cusp rarely
developed. c?, p* generally a little larger than m’. Molar ridges well developed. - \..eeu pete eslesieenie ech eer Sciuropterus. d?, p* decidedly smaller than m'. Molar ridges low AMG UTONTICE? Wy. cick siprenaic ne aoe APA. eo Petaurillus.
B, Molars each with two parallel transverse ridges rising into cusps laterally, so that the tooth appears evenly quadricuspidate from above, and shows two subequal conical cusps on its inner aspect. p* absent........ TIomys.
An alternative key may be based on the characters of the premolars only, as follows :—
A. Five cheek-teeth. p* present. a. Large premolar (p*) approximately equal to or larger than first molar (m'); p® standing internal to its anterior angle, a*, p* very large, twice the size of m! .........+. . Trogopterus. 7. p* not or little larger than m’. a’, p? small but functional. a‘. p* more complicated, the anterior of its three outer cusps highest; p*® not visible exter-
Nally Se cce wee es AA IO Ye Fo53 9055, Belomys. b‘. p* less complicated, the antero-external cusp shorter ; p® generally visible externally.... Sciwropterus. 5°, p® minute, apparently not functional ........ Pteromyscus, b. p* decidedly smaller than m'; p*in front ofitscentre. Petaurillus. B. Four cheek-teeth. p*® absent........cesscseeecees . Lomys.
But, further, the genus Sccuropterus, even as thus restricted,
Or
Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group.
needs further division into subgenera, of which there appear to me to be at least four. These may be distinguished as follows :—
A. Bulle well inflated. Molar ridges high. a. Mamme 8. (Holarctic.) a’, Posterior transverse ridge of p*, m', and m” deeply notched, so as to cut off a separate cusp in the camire Of thomogntis sates betes tans Pecans 3575.0 6 Sciuropterus. b?. Transverse ridges of teeth complete, as usual.... Glaucomys. b. Mamme 6. (Oriental.) c*, Bulle well inflated, often double. Molar ridges PaRNIOLS, 14 lan ee A ea we Re re aol re eats S - Hylopetes. B. Bulle low, flat, little inflated. Molars with lower ridges, their enamel usually much sculptured, and with supplementary cusps between the transverse MPR REET VS aera cls chain oi sit of x/niaig 4 2,4 010! aierain sia Petinomys.
Subgenus Sc1uROPTERUS.
Teeth more complex than in other members of the genus, the cusps and ridges high and well defined. Internal wall of each tooth grooved on its lingual aspect, so as to be more or less divided into three, and approaching Belomys in this respect. Posterior transverse ridge of p*, m', and m? deeply notched halfway across at right angles to its length, its dividing-line from the inner wall of the tooth also more deeply notched in; as a result a distinct conical cusp is isolated in the centre of the tooth. No similar structure is found in any other member of the group.
Skull: muzzle narrow, with parallel sides which are nearly at right angles to the spring of the zygomatic arch. Palatal foramina comparatively large.
Lange. Palearctic Region from Scandinavia to Japan.
'lype—Sciuropterus russicus, Tiedem.
Other species: S. momonga, Temm.; S. biichnert, Sat. ; S, aluco, Thos.
GLAUCOMYS, subgen. noy.
Teeth comparatively simple; a slight tendency to the development of grooves on the lingual side of the internal wall. Posterior transverse ridges complete, partially joined internally to the outer slope of the internal wall, and without any notch halfway across the tooth.
Muzzle long, tapered forwards, its sides meeting the spring of the zygomata at a slant. Palatal foramina comparatively small.
Mamme 8.
6 Mr. O. Thomas on the Genera and
Range. North America and N.W. Himalayas.
Type—Sciuropterus (Glaucomys) volans (Mus volans, Linn.).
Other species : those of N. America, and also S. fimbriatus, Gray.
Extraordinary as the above-given range may appear to be, I can find no character of subgeneric importance to separate the large Himalayan S. jimbriatus from the N. American flying-squirrels, while both are equally distinct from the intervening species belonging to the restricted subgenus Sciuropterus.
HyLopeErEs, subgen. nov.
Teeth very much as in Glaucomys, though there is an increasing tendency, which culminates in the next group, for the enamel to be finely sculptured between and on the sides of the ridges.
Bullee well inflated, sometimes doubled by the swelling up of the posterior mastoid portion.
Mamme 6.
Range. Oriental Region from Nepal to the Malay Islands.
Type—fciuropterus (Hylopetes) everett’, Thos.
Other species: S. alboniger, Hodgs.; nigripes, Thos. ; spadaceus, Bly.; phayrei, Bly.; aurantiacus, Wagn. ; platy- urus, Jent.; phawomelas, Giinth.; tephromelas, Ginth. ; thomasi, Hose.
PETINOMYS, subgen. nov.
Teeth with rather lower cusps and ridges than in true Sciuropterus, the enamel rather more elaborately sculptured, and with a more frequent development of accessory cusps, especially at the outer exit of the valley between the two main transverse ridges.
Skull broad and low, with a short muzzle. Bulle fairly large horizontally, but peculiarly low and flattened, scarcely rising above the general level of the base of the skull, their substance unusually thick and opaque.
Mamme 4 or 6.
Range. 8. India and Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and islands.
Type—Scturopterus (Petinomys) lugens, Thos.
Other species: S. fuscocapillus, Jerd.; hageni, Jent.; merens, Mill.; genibarbis, Horsf.; setosus, Temm.; vorder- mannt, Jent.
I should have been inclined to consider the striking and peculiar flattening of the bulle in this group as a generic
Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group. 7
character, were it not that S. fuscocapillus and S. thomast tend to be intermediate in this respect between Petinomys and Hylopetes.
The following new members of the group may be here described :—
Belomys trichotis, sp. n.
External characters apparently very much as in B. pearsont, though the ears of the single specimen seem to be a little larger and more heavily tufted, and the hairs of the chest are whitish without the slaty bases present in all our other specimens of the group.
Skull with the nasals not surpassing posteriorly the frontal processes of the premaxillaries.
Molars conspicuously lighter than in B. pearson?, the tooth- row not much shorter, but so much narrower that the palate- breadth between the premolars exceeds the combined length of p* and m’, while in pearsoni the same breadth only equals the length of p*+half that of m'. The teeth themselves are of essentially the same pattern, but owing to their smaller size appear much more finely sculptured.
Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—
Head and body 196 mm.; tail 151; hind foot 32:5.
Skull: fronto-parietal suture to tip of nasals 25; nasals 12°2.x6°5; interorbital breadth 8°15; intertemporal breadth 9:6; palatilar length 20; diastema 9:5; distance between inner sides of p* 5°2; length of tooth-series 9, of molars only 6:2.
Hab. Manipur. Type from Machi.
Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 85. 8. 1.136. Collected 7th May, 1881. Presented by Allan O. Hume, Esq.
Pteromyscus borneanus, sp. n.
Very closely allied to the Malaccan P. pulverulentus, Giinth., to which, without examination of the skull, I have hitherto referred it. External characters very much as in that species, the upper colour of the same blackish brown flecked with light, but the light rings on the hairs which form the fleckings are smaller and more nearly white. Under surface of the body and of the basal third of the tail clearer whitish, without the subdued buffy or ‘ clay-coloured” suffusion found in pu/lverulentus.
Skull rather larger than that of pulverulentus, the brain- case broader, and both the interorbital and intertemporal spaces noticeably wider,
8 Genera and Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group.
Incisors broader and heavier, nearly one third broader than in equally aged examples of pulverulentus.
Dimensions of the type (from skin) :—
Head and body 290 mm. ; tail 215; hind foot 41.
Skull: greatest length 46; basilar length 37°5; greatest breadth 30; nasals 12°2x 7°83; interorbital breadth 10; intertemporal breadth 12°3; breadth of brain-case 21; palatilar length 20; length of upper tooth-series (probably slightly reduced by age) 9.
Hab. Baram District, E. Sarawak.
Type. Old female. B.M. no. 91. 8. 28. 10. Collected in 1891 by Dr. Charles Hose.
Petaurillus emilie, sp. n.
Nearly allied to P. hosez, but smaller in all dimensions.
Colours in all respects quite like what the type of hosei would probably have had if it had not been skinned out of spirit, and therefore presumably discoloured. ‘Thus the type of emilice, sent home as a skin, is paler rufous on the back (tips of hairs near vinaceous-cinnamon of Ridgway), and the belly is pure white, without the slight rufous tinge already suggested as possibly due to spirit. Cheeks pale buffy whitish, no darker line perceptible below the eye. In all other respects the original description of hose will fit emalie.
Skull, apart from its markedly smaller size, quite like that of hosei, except that the nasals do not project backwards beyond the fronto-premaxillary processes.
Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—
Head and body 72 mm. ; tail 62, its longest lateral hairs 7; hind foot 17. :
Dimensions of an adult female in spirit :—
Head and body 68 mm.; tail 67; hind foot 16; ear 15.
Skull (of type): greatest length 24; basilar length 17:5; greatest breadth 15°2; length of nasals 6:1; interorbital breadth 6°5; palatilar length 96; length of upper cheek tooth-series 3°9, of true molar series 2°7.
Hab. Baram, E. Sarawak.
Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 3.4.9.1. Collected 14th May, 1901, by Dr. Charles Hose. Readily distinguishable from P. hosei by its much smaller Sze.
I have much pleasure in naming this pretty little flying- squirrel, the smallest member of the group, in honour of Mrs. Hose, the wife of the discoverer of its only near ally.
A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 9
Il.—A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine (Curcu- lionide). By Guy A. K. Marsuwa.., F.Z.5.
In the Berliner ent. Zeits. for 1886 (p. 100) the late Dr. Faust published a revision of Lacordaire’s tribe ‘Tany- rrhynchides, in which he then included seven genera. In 1889 he gave an additional table of the genera allied to Myorrhinus, two of which were described as new (Deutsche ent. Zeits. p. 140). Since that time a considerable number of new forms have been discovered which must be referred to this group, and, as many of these require new genera for their reception, it seems advisable to give a fresh working synopsis of the whole group. This revision has been rendered possible by the kindness of Dr. K. M. Heller, of Dresden, and Prof. Yngve Sjéstedt, of Stockholm, who have been good enough to lend me many types and co-types from their museums; and I am also much indebted to Mr. H. E. Andrewes for the loan of co-types of three Indian species described by Faust.
Before entering into any definition of the group, it may be well to point out that Faust, when dealing with Tany- rrhynchus, always treated 7’. costirostris, Boh., and its near allies as the typical forms of the genus. It was for the reception of these very species that, a few years ago, I proposed the genus Stramia (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, i. p. 140), and the validity of that genus has been confirmed by an examination of the type of Zanyrrhynchus, viz. T. strigi- rostris, Sparrm.
The species of Stramza differ not only from Tanyrrhynchus, but also from all the genera here associated with it, in the structure of the mouth-parts. The peduncle of the submentum is very markedly produced and the mentum itself is quite small, being very little larger than the peduncle, so that the maxillze and their palpi are entirely exposed when the mandibles are closed. In the Tanyrrhynchine, as here defined, this condition never occurs. In their case the peduncle of the submentum is always small, sometimes very small, while the mentum is large (many times larger than the peduncle) and nearly fills the whole buccal cavity behind the mandibles, when closed; the maxillary palpi are thus entirely hidden (or occasionally their extreme apices may be seen just projecting beyond the apex of the mentum) and the maxilla themselves are more or less completely hidden, being more exposed at the base the more the peduncle is developed. In addition to these buccal characters, Stramia may be dis-
10 Mr. G, A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic
tinguished from Tanyrrhynchus by its lateral scrobes, the internal denticulation of the intermediate tibie, the absence of a femoral tooth, the strong curvature of the scape at its apex, the much greater width of the episterna of the meta- sternum, &c. In the structure of its mouth-parts, as well as in many other characters, Straméa shows considerable affinity with Hipporrhinus, and I see no reason for altering my previous suggestion that it should be associated with that genus. For similar reasons the nearly allied genus Solenorrhinus, Schh., must also be removed into Lacordaire’s Hipporrhinides.
With the removal of these two elements the mouth-parts of the genera of Tanyrrhynchine become sufficiently homo- geneous in character. From what has been said above with regard to the mentum it is clear that they cannot be regarded as true Phanerognathi, and owing to the comparatively large size of that organ, in relation to the buccal cavity, it seems preferable to regard them as slightly transitional Adelognathi. From all of these latter, with the exception of the very distinct Brachycerine, they may be distinguished by a combination of two characters, viz.: the comparatively slender and prominent mandibles, and the absence of a mandibular scar; and these have probably been developed correlatively with the greater elongation of the rostrum, which also characterizes the group as compared with normal adelognaths. But here again there are signs of transition. In Tanyrrh. strigirostris, Sparrm., 7. squalidus, Boh., and (what I take to be) 7. loripes, Boh., there are faint indications of mandibular scars; but owing to their ill-defined character and outwardly oblique position, it seems improbable that they can really serve as supports for temporary false man- dibles. They are perhaps mere rudiments indicating that the Tanyrrhynchine have comparatively recently diverged from the Otiorrhynchide, in the sense of Leconte and Horn. This is borne out by the apparent affinities which can be traced between Aosseterus and Piazomias (Tanymecides), Sympiezc- rrhynchus and Ellimenistes (Oosomides), and Tanyrrhynchus and HLremnus (Kremnides).
In many of the genera the position of the eyes is abnormal. In Synapiocephalus, Myorrhinus, Anathresa, and some Hapto- merus they are more or less closely approximated on the forehead; but in Stereorrhynchus, Umzila, Malosomus, Opseorrhinus, Atmesia, Euphalia, and some Haptomerus they are situated considerably further forward, so as to be placed on what would normally be considered as the basal part of the rostrum. In the great majority of species the
Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. Bt
rostrum presents the somewhat characteristic feature of being covered with scaling on the dorsal surface, but quite bare and very shiny beneath. In the genera allied to Myorrhinus and Stereorrhynchus the underside of the rostrum is apt to be more or less strongly compressed laterally, so that in cross- section it would appear to be roughly triangular with the apex downwards, ‘Lhe scrobes are always visible from above, at least at the insertion of the antenne, and are usually quite dorsal in position, being sometimes very closely approximated and foveiform.
As at present known, the great majority of genera are peculiar to Africa, and only a few species are known from the following localities: Eastern Europe, Arabia, India, and Australia.
Synopsis of Genera.
1, (18.) Corbels of posterior tibize cavernous or subcavernous, 7. e. with their external margin bent inwards more or less broadly (narrowly in Synaptocephalus). 2. (3.) Rostrum separated from head by a transverse impressed line.—* Scape reaching thorax; claws connate at base; funicle with joint 2 much longer than 1, and 1 longer than 3; elytra without OPECE BEL fu. s sien sien Wem one .. 1. Sympiezorrhynchus, Schh. (S. Africa.)
eo
(2.) Rostrum continuous with the head. . (13.) Scape of antenne exceeding an- terior margin of eye.
5. (6) Tarsal claws free.—Eyes lateral ;
scrobes sublateral; antenne in-
serted about middle of rostrum,
the two basal joints of funicle
equal ; tarsi with joint 1 as broad
as 3; elytra with depressed seta. 3. Lipothyrea, Pasc.
(Australia.)
(5.) Tarsal claws connate at base. . (10.) Serobes dorsal, very close together, the space between them narrower than base of scape; antenne long and slender, the scape ab- ruptly clavate.—Elytra with long
ID
* In every case the characters given after the rule are always present in the section to which they belong, and they may or may not be present in the next corresponding section. They are not therefore absolutely discriminative characters, but will serve to facilitate exact determination of a genus.
12
10.
1B
18.
14,
15.
Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic
erect sete ; antenne inserted beyond middle of rostrum, but at some distance from apex.
(9.) Eyes lateral; funicle with joint 2 evidently longer than 1........
(8.) Eyes dorsal, very close together, the ‘space between them much narrower than the scape; the two basal joints of funicle sub- equal Ean see en cece Agi
(7.) Scrobes sublateral, the space be- tween them much broader than the base of the scape; antenne shorter and thicker, the scape gradually dilated to apex.—Eyes lateral.
(12.) Antennz inserted behind middle
of rostrum, funicle with joint 2 scarcely longer than 3; prothorax scarcely narrower than the broadest part of the elytra; elytra broadest near base, strongly acuminate behind, each elytron with